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Joseph
Nicephore Niepce (1765-1833), a French
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inventor, was
experimenting with camera obscura and
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silver chloride.
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In 1826, he
turned to bitumen of Judea, a kind of asphalt that
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hardened when
exposed to light.
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Niepce
dissolved the bitumen in lavender oil and coated a
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sheet of pewter
with the mixture.
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He placed the
sheet in the camera and exposed it for eight
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hours aimed
through an open window at his courtyard.
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The light
forming the image on the plate hardened the
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bitumen in
bright areas and left it soft and soluble in the dark
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areas.
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